Notably, alcohol and other substances can activate biological stress pathways akin to those triggered by psychological stress and trauma, potentially exacerbating cravings and compulsive substance-seeking behaviors. Decades of research demonstrate that chronic substance misuse leads to profound disruptions of brain circuits involved in the experience of pleasure or reward, habit formation, stress, and https://ecosoberhouse.com/ decision-making. […]

Unlike tolerance, where the issue is diminished effects, dependence involves both a physical and psychological compulsion to continue using the substance to avoid withdrawal symptoms and maintain normal functioning. It is important to note that dependence extends beyond mere physical reliance and often requires increasing dosages due to tolerance, further complicating the condition. Drug abuse […]